Following are relevant techniques for this topic:
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Committee of classifiers, ensemble learning and boosting, SVM and Neural Networks;
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Effective preprocessing methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis ( ICA), sparse component analysis (SCA) and so on;
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Feature extraction and feature selection;
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Hidden Markov Models for tracking temporal variability;
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Signal verification methods for asynchronous BCIs;
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Semi-supervised learning for online adaptation;
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Multiple sources of signals (eg. EEG, NIR, etc) and their possible combination to enhance the performance;
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Adaptive and collaborative learning strategy and mechanism for more robust and more accurate BCIs.

Developing advanced learning algorithms to reliably classify the brain signals, for example, event-related potentials (ERP) and motor imagery signals. 
